Identification and treatment of offenders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the prison population: a practical approach based upon expert consensus. Young S, Gudjonsson G, Chitsabesan P, Colley B, Farrag E, Forrester A, Hollingdale J, Kim K, Lewis A, Maginn S, Mason P, Ryan S. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 4;18(1):281. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1858-9 Smith J, Woodhouse E, Asherson P.

Amnesia for Violent Offenses. Factors Underlying Memory Loss and Recovery Pyszora, N. M., Fahy, T., & Kopelman, M. D. (2014). Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 42(2), 202-213.

Framework for the Assessment of Risk & Protection in Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum: A Guide for Risk Assessors Working with Offenders on the Autistic Spectrum

Interviewing terrorism suspects and offenders with an autism spectrum disorder. Al-Attar, PhD, Z. (2018). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(4), 321-337.

Autism spectrum disorders and terrorism: how different features of autism can contextualise vulnerability and resilience. Al-Attar, Z. (2020). The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 31(6), 926-949.

A Systematic Review of Autistic People and the Criminal Justice System: An Update of King and Murphy (2014). Collins J, Horton K, Gale-St Ives E, Murphy G, Barnoux M.  J Autism Dev Disord. 2022 May 30.

The relationship between confabulation and intellectual ability, memory, interrogative suggestibility and acquiescence. Gudjonsson, G. H., & Clare, I. C. (1995). Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 333-338

Interrogative suggestibility, confabulation, and acquiescence in people with mild learning disabilities (mental handicap): Implications for reliability during police interrogations Clare, I. C., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (1993).  British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 295-301

Confabulation: A guide for mental health professionals Brown, J., Huntley, D., Morgan, S., Dodson, K. D., & Cich, J. (2017). Int J Neurol Neurother, 4, 1-9

Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction Dunn M and Hope H (2018) 

Medical Ethics and Law: A curriculum for the 21st Century Herring, Savulescu, Wilkinson (2019) Elesevier

Malingering mental disorders: Clinical assessment Tracy, D., & Rix, K. (2017). BJPsych Advances, 23(1), 27-35

Malingering mental disorders: Medicolegal reporting Rix, K., & Tracy, D. (2017). BJPsych Advances, 23(2), 115-122

The Offender Personality Disorder Pathway Strategy 2015

Practitioner Guide: Working with people in the Criminal Justice System showing Personality Difficulties. NHS England and HMPPS. 

PTSD in prison settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comorbid mental disorders and problematic behaviours Facer-Irwin, E., Blackwood, N. J., Bird, A., Dickson, H., McGlade, D., Alves-Costa, F., & MacManus, D. (2019). PLoS one, 14(9), e0222407.

PTSD and complex PTSD in sentenced male prisoners in the UK: prevalence, trauma antecedents, and psychiatric comorbidities Facer-Irwin, E., Karatzias, T., Bird, A., Blackwood, N., & MacManus, D. (2021). Psychological Medicine, 1-11.

OxRisk (@Oxrisk) is a project by the Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology group at the University of Oxford.

We have developed eight freely available web-based risk calculators:

OxRec – Risk of Recidivism Tool, also available in Swedish, Greek, French, Chinese, Russian, Italian, Spanish, Finnish, German, and Polish.

OxMIV – Mental Illness and Violence Tool

OxMIS – Mental Illness and Suicide Tool

FoVOx – Forensic Psychiatry and Violence Tool

FoxWeb – Web-Based Violence Risk Monitoring Tool for discharged forensic psychiatric patients (pdf).

              – Web-based Monitoring Tool for inpatient violence in general and forensic psychiatric patients (pdf).

              – FoxWeb tool.

OxRIS – Oxford risk of recidivism of sexual offenders, including three separate tools for violent reoffending, any reoffending, and sexual reoffending.

OxSATS – Oxford Suicide AfTer Self-harm Tool – provides a probability score for suicide risk in 6 months and 12 months after a self-harm episode presenting to secondary healthcare (emergency department/specialist care).

Social cognition in schizophrenia Green MF, Horan WP, Lee J. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015 Oct;16(10):620-31

Social Cognitive Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Compared With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression Oliver LD, Moxon-Emre I, Lai MC, Grennan L, Voineskos AN, Ameis SH. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 1;78(3)

The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of recidivism studies Hanson RK, Morton-Bourgon KE. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Dec;73(6):1154-63

Alcohol-induced sleepwalking or confusional arousal as a defense to criminal behavior: a review of scientific evidence, methods and forensic considerations Pressman MR, Mahowald MW, Schenck CH, Bornemann MC. J Sleep Res. 2007 Jun;16(2):198-212.

Sleep driving: sleepwalking variant or misuse of z-drugs? Pressman MR. Sleep Med Rev. 2011 Oct;15(5):285-92. 

Sleep-related automatism and the law. Ebrahim, IO, Fenwick, P (2008) Medicine, Science and the Law, 48: 124-36

Sleep related violence, alcohol and sleepwalking. Ebrahim, IO, Fenwick, P (2012)  Brain, 135: 1-2

Study of stalkers Mullen, Pathé, Purcell & Stuart (1999). American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(8)

Identifying risk factors in stalking: A review of current research. McEwan, Mullen & Purcell (2007). International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 30(1)

Violence in stalking situations. McEwan, Mullen, MacKenzie & Ogloff (2009).  Psychological Medicine 39(9)

Advances in stalking risk assessment. McEwan, Ogloff & Pathe (2011). Behavioral Sciences and Law 29(2)

Stalking risks to celebrities and public figures. Wilson, S., Dempsey, C., Farnham, F., Manze, T., & Taylor, A. (2018). BJPsych Advances, 24(3), 152-160. 

Application of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders Bach, B., First, M.B. BMC Psychiatry 18, 351 (2018).